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Selasa, 06 Oktober 2009

Sejarah Jaringan Komputer

Konsep jaringan komputer lahir pada tahun 1940-an di Amerika dari sebuah proyek pengembangan komputer MODEL I di laboratorium Bell dan group riset Harvard University yang dipimpin profesor H. Aiken. Awalnya proyek tersebut hanya ingin memanfaatkan sebuah perangkat komputer yang harus dipakai bersama. Untuk mengerjakan beberapa proses tanpa banyak membuang waktu kosong dibuatlah proses beruntun (Batch Processing), sehingga beberapa program bisa dijalankan dalam sebuah komputer dengan dengan kaidah antrian.Ditahun 1950-an ketika jenis komputer mulai membesar sampai terciptanya super komputer, maka sebuah komputer mesti melayani beberapa terminal. Untuk itu ditemukan konsep distribusi proses berdasarkan waktu yang dikenal dengan nama TSS (Time Sharing System), maka untuk pertama kali bentuk jaringan (network) komputer diaplikasikan. Pada sistem TSS beberapa terminal terhubung secara seri ke sebuah host komputer. Dalam proses TSS mulai nampak perpaduan teknologi komputer dan teknologi telekomunikasi yang pada awalnya berkembang sendiri-sendiri. Pada tahun 1957 Advance Research Projects Agency (ARPA) dibentuk oleh Departement of Defence (DoD) USA. Pada tahun 1967 desain awal dari ARPANET diterbitkan dan tahun 1969 DoD menggelar pengembangan ARPANET dengan mengadakan riset untuk menghubungkan sejumlah komputer sehingga membentuk jaringan organik (program ini dikenal dengan nama ARPANET).
Memasuki tahun 1970-an, setelah beban pekerjaan bertambah banyak dan harga perangkat komputer besar mulai terasa sangat mahal, maka mulailah digunakan konsep proses distribusi (Distributed Processing). Tahun 1972 Roy Tomlinson berhasil menyempurnakan program e-mail yang diciptakan satu tahun sebelumnya untuk ARPANET. Program ini begitu mudah dan langsung populer dengan memperkenalkan ikon @ yang berarti “at” atau “pada”. Tahun 1973 jaringan komputer ARPANET berkembang luas keluar Amerika Serikat. Komputer University College di London merupakan komputer pertama di luar USA yang menjadi anggota jaringan ARPANET. Pada tahun yang sama, 2 orang ahli computer Vinton Cerf dan Bob Kahn mempresentasikan sebuah gagasan yang lebih besar, yang menjadi cikal bakal pemikiran International Network (Internet). Pada tahun 1979 Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, dan Steve Bellovin menciptakan newgroup pertama yang diberi nama USENET. Tahun 1981 France Telecom menciptakan telepon TV pertama, dimana orang bisa menelphone sambil melihat lawan bicaranya melalui video link. Karena komputer yang membentuk jaringan semakin banyak, maka dibutuhkan suatu protokol resmi yang diakui oleh semua jaringan. Pada tahun 1982 dibentuk Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Tahun 1984 diperkenalkan Domain Name System (DNS) yang merupakan system penamaan masing-masing komputer yang terhubung jaringan. Telah terhubung lebih dari 1000 unit komputer hingga tahun 1984 itu dan pada tahun 1987 komputer yang terhubung melebihi angka 10.000 unit. Pada tahun 1988 Jarko Oikarinen dari Finland menemukan dan memperkenalkan IRC dan setahun kemudian jumlah komputer yang terhubung melonjak 10 kali lipat (lebih dari 100.000 unit komputer). Pertengahan tahun 1990 adalah tahun yang paling bersejarah ketika Tim Berners Lee menemukan program editor dan browser yang bisa menjelajah antara satu computer dengan computer lain. Program ini disebut WWW (World Wide Web). Tahun 1992, komputer yang saling tersambung membentuk jaringan sudah melampaui lebih dari sata juta komputer. Pada tahun yang sama muncul satu istilah yang terkenal, yaitu Surfing (Menjelajah). Tahun 1994 situs-situs Dunia mulai tumbuh dengan maju (setidaknya saat itu terdapat 3.000 alamat halaman) dan bentuk pertama kalinya Virtual Shopping atau e-retail muncul diberbagai situs. Dunia langsung berubah dengan diluncurkannya perusahaan Search Engine Pertama, yaitu Yahoo!. yang dibangun oleh David Filo dan Jerry yang pada bulan April 1994. Netscape Navigator 1.0. diluncurkan dipenghubung tahun 1994.

Rabu, 24 Desember 2008

Formatting Strings with PHP

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Rabu, 10 Desember 2008

Tangkuban Perahu

Tangkuban Parahu Mountain or Tangkuban Perahu Mountain is one of the mountains which located in West Java Province, Indonesian. Tangkuban Parahu Mountain height was 2.084 meter. This Mountain form is Maar or shield which exploded 400 last year. Released stone type pass eruption most is sulphur and lava, released by mineral is brimstone sulphur, Released by mineral is inactive mountain moment is brimstone vapor. Area Mountain Tangkuban Perahu managed by Perum Forest. Temperature is 17oC in the day time and 2oC nocturnal.

Tangkuban Parahu Mountain was have Dipterokarp Hill forest area, Dipterokarp forest, Montane forest, and Forest Ericaceous or mount forest.
Name of Tangkuban Perahu come from a very famous legend, Sangkuriang. Mount Tangkuban Perahu which in the distance see as upside down boat. Is believed by all geology expert that Bandung plain area with height more or less 709 meter above sea level constitute the rest of from ancient volcano eruption known as Mount Sunda and Mount Tangkuban Parahu constitute the residue of ancient Mount Sunda which still is active. Phenomenon like this can see by Mount Krakatau in Selat Sunda and Ngorongoro area in Tanzania, African
The Biggest cauldron which resided in its top is Cauldron Queen. Natural Panorama around this is cauldron very marvellous so that draw people enthusiasm to enjoying it. Become Mount Tangkuban Perahu with its natural beauty as target of many tour people.

Rabu, 03 Desember 2008

Batu Karas and Cukang Taneuh

Batu Karas Beach

Object tour which is one this represent solidarity of natural nuance between Pangandaran beach and Batu Hiu with calm natural situation. Batu Karas beach located in Batu Karas village district of Cijulang with distance ± thirty four km from Pangandaran.We can enjoy calm situation with light breeze enjoy dish at home eat available. Activity tour in Batu Karas to be conducted besides swimming, for example: boating in bengawan, play Banana boat, camping and surfing. Available other facility for example: Hotel, Camping Ground, Kiosk handicrafts, board rental as fluent, banana boat rental and swim tire.

Cukang Taneuh (Green Canyon)

The original name of Green Canyon is Cukang Taneuh, located in Kertayasa village District of Cijulang ± thirty one km from Pangandaran. This tour object represent Cijulang river stream penetrating cave with charming stalaknit and stalaktif and also flanked by two hill with stone and is leafy of grove present typical natural attraction and challenge . In cave mouth we can see Palatar waterfall so that situation in this tour object felt so cold. Activity to be able conducted among others rock climbing, swimming, small boat at the same time to fish.To reach this location of tourist can use boat which in big supply in pick Ciseureuh, good of boat patch and also pedal boat. This object of green canyon close by Batu karas tour area and Nusawiru airport.

Rabu, 26 November 2008

Dunia Fantasi

Dunia Fantasi or widely known as Dufan represent area entertainment hotspot which located in Glorious Garden Dream complex of Ancol (Ancol Jakarta Baycity), North Jakarta. Dunia Fantasi
have mascot a bekantan monkey.

Area entertainment
Dunia Fantasi divided into some area with separate theme and regional individuality each. This area by territory is awaken visitor imagination, where them expected to feel sensation walk road street at Jakarta area away back, Europe, American, Indonesia, Asian. Besides game attraction, this area also have a number of shop and restaurant. Wide of Dunia Fantasi to achieve 9.5 hectare from development plan five hundred and fifty two hectare.

Ticket Price Enter
Ticket price to Enter Dunia Fantasi on everyday is Rp. 60,000 per person and on Sunday or other holiday is Rp. 85,000 per person. Ticket price enter not the including Rp. 12,000 per person.
Open hour : 11:00 - 20:00 Opening every day

Jakarta Area
Turangga Rangga
Representing individuality game garden in Jakarta Area. This Game in the form of a merry go round

Ballad Monkey Area
Ballad Monkey
Is stage to serve caricatural operetta music played the part of by twenty three animatronik doll, in form of chimpanzee and gorilla. All the moved with made in Indonesia technology

o Ubangga
o Safari Game

Area Indonesia
o Rober
o Balloon Race
o Jungkang Jungking
o Firefly
o Ant-lion
o Begicot

Area Europe
o Beng Beng
o Kicir Kicir

Area tale
This Area represent especially fascination from entire dufan region.
o Arung Jeram
o Bird Combat
o Thunderbolt

Asian Area
o Standard of Toki
o Rainbow
constitute Paddle wheel as high as 33 metre. Is one of the highest building in World Fantasy. Rainbow wake up with ornamen and architecture have typical color nuance of Thailand

Rabu, 19 November 2008

Bali

Bali is a island in Indonesian, at the same time become one of the Indonesian province. Bali located between Java island and Lombok island. Capital of its island is Denpasar, which located in part of this island south. Resident Bali majority is Hinduism. In world, Bali is famous as object of tourism with uniqueness various its result, especially to all Japan tourist and Australian. Bali is also known as Dewata Island.

Bali Island is the part of Archipelago of Small Sunda as long as one hundred fifty three km and as wide as one hundred twelve km around 3,2 km from Java. Other Important place is Ubud as artistic center located in regency Gianyar; while Kuta, Sanur, Oil, Jimbaran and Nusa Two is some place become the great object of tourism.

Apart from tourism sector, Bali resident also live by fishery and agriculture. Partly also chosen to become actor, used by Ianguage in Bali is Indonesian, Bali, and English.

Transportation
Transportation in Bali for example
1. Dokar
2. Ojek (motorcycle or bicycle used for public transport)
3. Taxi

region clothes
Man
Traditional costume of man generally consist of:
1. Udeng ( headband)
2. Kampuh cloth
3. Umpal
4. Wastra cloth ( kemben)
5. Belt
6. Keris
7. all kind of ornament jewelry
Often also imposed by shirt clothes, coat, and footgear as complement

Woman
Traditional costume of woman generally consist of:
1. Bight ( sanggul)
2.Sesenteng ( songket kemben)
3.Wastra cloth
4.Belt Prada ( stagen)
5. Tapih cloth
6. All kind of ornament jewelry
Often also imposed by kebaya, chest slip cover, and footgear as complement

Selasa, 04 November 2008

White Crater

We can go to white crater as far as fourty six km or two and half hours to the south of bandung. From the entrance, there is ± five km that we must through. In the way to the place, we can see tropical rain forest and Eucalyptus. In the way home, we can continue trip to Situ Patengan or camping to Ranca Upas.

This white crater ( two thousands one hundred ninety four  meter upper sea surface)  was created by the eruption of Patuha Mountain at 10th century and 12th century. Patuha mountain, usually called the old man mountain (Sepuh Mountain) by local villager, this mountain height is two thousands four hundred thirty four meter upper sea surface and temperature about eight till twenty two degree of celcius.

Water in this crater is a little different with other crater in west Java. The color of water is bright and always change and becoming fascination. Surface of crater in general have stone and white sand make this crater called White Crater.